High Loading Efficiency and Controlled Release of Bioactive Immunotherapeutic Proteins Using Vaterite Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles may limit off-tumor/on-target ubiquitous activation of signaling by protein-based drugs. However, many challenges still exist in the design a nanoparticle for protein delivery. In this study, conditions to establish vaterite nanoparticles as pH-sensitive drug delivery system (DDS) encapsulated drugs are comprehensively evaluated. Low coprecipitation pH and prevents denaturation yields high loading efficiency. Unprotected recrystallizes aqueous solutions within 3 h calcite releases loaded completely, but surface-modified particles with carboxyl groups containing polymers prove stable more than 5 months. Notably, modification sulfonated increases cationic proteins multiple. A is developed exposure (pH) under body-like-flow rates, dissolution simultaneous release active at tumor microenvironmental reaching up 80% only 20% physiological 2 h. Importantly, immunomodulatory necrosis factor preserves its native structure fully retains functional activity vitro after from particles. conclusion, studies described here provide framework development vaterite-based DDS carrier bioactive therapeutics.